The Only Situation in Which a Person Can Survive Without One of a Pair of Chromosomes Is
Human cells ordinarily contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes in each cell
. A change in the number of chromosomes can cause bug with growth, development, and function of the trunk's systems. These changes can occur during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm), in early fetal evolution, or in whatever jail cell after birth. A proceeds or loss in the number of chromosomes from the normal 46 is called aneuploidy.
A common form of aneuploidy is trisomy, or the presence of an actress chromosome in cells. "Tri-" is Greek for "3"; people with trisomy accept three copies of a particular chromosome in cells instead of the normal two copies. Down syndrome (also known as trisomy 21) is an case of a condition caused by trisomy. People with Down syndrome typically have three copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, for a total of 47 chromosomes per cell.
Monosomy, or the loss of one chromosome in cells, is another kind of aneuploidy. "Mono-" is Greek for "one"; people with monosomy have 1 re-create of a particular chromosome in cells instead of the normal ii copies. Turner syndrome (also known as monosomy X) is a condition caused by monosomy. Women with Turner syndrome usually have only one re-create of the Ten chromosome in every cell, for a total of 45 chromosomes per cell.
Rarely, some cells finish upwards with consummate extra sets of chromosomes. Cells with one additional set of chromosomes, for a total of 69 chromosomes, are called triploid. Cells with two additional sets of chromosomes, for a total of 92 chromosomes, are chosen tetraploid. A condition in which every cell in the trunk has an extra set of chromosomes is not compatible with life.
In some cases, a change in the number of chromosomes occurs only in sure cells. When an individual's cells differ in their chromosomal makeup, information technology is known every bit chromosomal mosaicism. Chromosomal mosaicism occurs from an mistake in cell sectionalisation in cells other than eggs and sperm. Most normally, some cells end up with one extra or missing chromosome (for a full of 45 or 47 chromosomes per cell), while other cells have the usual 46 chromosomes. Mosaic Turner syndrome is one example of chromosomal mosaicism. In females with this condition, some cells have 45 chromosomes considering they are missing i copy of the X chromosome, while other cells have the usual number of chromosomes.
Many cancer cells also have changes in their number of chromosomes. These changes are non inherited; they occur in somatic cells (cells other than eggs or sperm) during the formation or progression of a malignant tumor.
Source: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/mutationsanddisorders/chromosomalconditions/
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